Freckles are small brown spots, ranging from light to dark brown, that appear on the face, neck, or body such as the arms and legs. The risk factors for developing freckles include:

• Ethnicity and Genetics: People with fair skin are more likely to develop freckles compared to those with darker skin. Additionally, if a parent has freckles, they can be passed down to their children.
• Sunlight and Heat: Exposure to sunlight and heat stimulates the production of melanin, which can lead to the formation of freckles.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or when taking birth control pills, can trigger the development of freckles.
• Age: As skin ages, it may become more prone to developing freckles due to natural changes in skin structure.

Freckles can be categorized into four types: Superficial Freckles, Deep Freckles, Sunspots, and Seborrheic Keratosis.

1. Superficial Freckles (Freckles): These are small brown spots, smooth and flat with clear boundaries, usually about 2-3 mm in size. They commonly appear on areas exposed to sunlight, such as the cheekbones and nose. They typically develop during adolescence or middle age.
2. Deep Freckles (Nevus of Hori): These are brownish-gray spots that are flat with indistinct borders, usually around 2-4 mm in size. They typically appear on both sides of the cheekbones and the nose. These freckles often begin in adolescence and gradually darken over time.
3. Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): These are light brown, flat patches that are round or oval in shape with clear boundaries, ranging from 0.3-2 cm in size. They are caused by sun exposure and aging. Over time, sunspots can enlarge and become raised if left untreated.
4. Seborrheic Keratosis (Seborrheic Keratosis): This is a type of benign tumor that arises from increased skin cell turnover. It appears as raised, rough-textured bumps, ranging in size from small to several centimeters. They typically appear on the face, neck, arms, or torso and are often related to genetics or aging.

Freckles generally cannot be treated with topical creams alone and require laser treatments for effective removal.

• For Superficial Freckles or Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): It is recommended to use lasers such as Nd
  Picolaser. With the appropriate energy and wavelength, superficial freckles or sunspots will improve after about 1-2 treatments.
• For Deep Freckles (Nevus of Hori): Nd
  Picolaser is also recommended. With the right energy and wavelength, deep freckles will improve after 3-6 treatments.
• For Seborrheic Keratosis (Sebaceous Freckles): Treatment includes using lasers such as CO2 laser, Erbium laser, electrocoagulation, or cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen spraying).

Dark spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, are brown patches that appear on the skin after inflammation, such as from acne or allergic rashes. The deeper the inflammation, the deeper the dark spots can become, making them harder to treat.

Treatment: It is recommended to reduce the inflammation first. Once the skin has healed, topical treatments to lighten dark spots can be used. Additionally, lasers can be used to accelerate the fading of dark spots.

Our clinic offers a treatment program designed to address all concerns related to dark spots and freckles. Our team of expert doctors will assess your condition and select the most suitable treatment for you.

• Pico Toning: This involves using the Pico laser in one mode to break down pigmentation into fine particles, making it easier for the body to eliminate. It is ideal for those with dull skin, dark spots, or hyperpigmentation.
• Picolistic: This is a comprehensive Pico laser treatment, where various modes are used to target different types of freckles, including shallow, deep, or sun spots, as well as dark spots. The doctor will choose the appropriate mode and energy level to effectively treat each condition.
• Topical Treatments and Oral Medication: The topical treatments contain whitening ingredients like Alpha Arbutin and Kojic Acid, which help lighten dark spots. Oral medication helps reduce the production of melanin and prevents the formation of new dark spots after laser treatments.
• CO2 Laser: This laser treatment is used to target and destroy freckles by creating a scab that eventually falls off. It is suitable for those with raised freckles or sun spots.